Who operates the National Instant Check System (NICS)?

The National Instant Check System (NICS) is operated by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI). This system was established to facilitate background checks on individuals purchasing firearms, as mandated by the Brady Handgun Violence Prevention Act. The FBI is responsible for maintaining the integrity, security, and operational functions of NICS, making it the authoritative body for managing this critical database.

While other agencies like the Department of Homeland Security and local police departments participate in broader aspects of law enforcement and public safety, they do not oversee the NICS. The U.S. Marshals Service focuses primarily on apprehending fugitives and managing prisoners rather than managing firearm purchase checks. Thus, the FBI’s role as the operator of NICS highlights its central authority and responsibility in ensuring compliance with federal gun laws.